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At her Coronation, the Queen wore a crown glittering with jewels and wielded a sceptre boasting the world’s largest white diamond.
However a royal professional has predicted that Her Majesty shall be buried with simply two items of jewelry.
She added that her engagement ring, which accommodates diamonds taken from a tiara owned by Prince Philip‘s mom Alice of Battenberg, will doubtless be given to her daughter Princess Anne.
For her marriage ceremony to Prince Philip in 1947, the then Princess Elizabeth continued Royal custom stretching again to the Twenties by having her marriage ceremony ring constituted of Welsh gold. The ring was constituted of the Clogau St. David’s gold mine.
The Queen’s non-public jewelry assortment holds round 300 items, together with 98 brooches, 34 pairs of earrings and 15 rings. When not worn by the monarch, they had been saved within the Queen’s Gallery at Buckingham Palace.
The official Crown Jewels are held within the Tower of London. Courting again to the Seventeenth-century, the gathering consists of greater than 23,000 diamonds, sapphires and rubies.
Her Majesty’s state funeral will happen in Westminster Abbey subsequent Monday, after she lies in state in her oak coffin for 4 days at Westminster Corridor close by.
The Queen’s coffin is at present in Edinburgh’s St Giles Cathedral, the place 1000’s of mourners filed previous in a single day and this morning to pay their respects. It’s set to be flown to RAF Northolt tonight and can then be pushed to Buckingham Palace.
At her Coronation, the Queen wore a crown glittering with jewels and wielded a sceptre boasting the world’s largest white diamond. However a royal professional has predicted that Her Majesty shall be buried with simply two items of jewelry. Above: The Queen wears the Imperial State Crown as she returns to Buckingham Palace while holding the Orb and Sceptre after he coronation in 1953
Lisa Levinson, head of communications on the Pure Diamond Council, mentioned it could be ‘unlikely’ that the ‘humble’ Queen is buried with something aside from her ‘easy Welsh gold marriage ceremony band to relaxation and a pair of pearl earrings’. above: The Queen’s marriage ceremony ring is seen beneath her engagement ring in 2007
Ms Levinson mentioned: ‘Her Majesty is an extremely humble girl at coronary heart who’s unlikely to be wearing something however her easy Welsh gold marriage ceremony band to relaxation and a pair of pearl earrings.’
She added that many of the Queen’s jewels are prone to stay within the royal assortment moderately than being buried along with her as a result of the Her Majesty’s life ‘has at all times been concerning the legacy of the royal household, within the UK and Commonwealth.
‘Her jewels type very a lot a part of that legacy’.
When the Queen lies in state, her coffin shall be draped with the Royal Commonplace, because it was in Edinburgh.
The usual shall be accompanied by the Imperial State Crown, which was worn yearly by the Queen on the State Opening of Parliament.
It boasts almost 3,000 treasured stones, together with sapphires, emeralds and rubies.
The crown was made for Queen Victoria in 1838. It accommodates greater than 3,000 treasured stones, together with 2,700 diamonds.
Essentially the most traditionally important stones in it embrace the Sapphire of Edward the Confessor, which was taken from the coronation ring of Edward.
With Edward having been topped in 1042, it’s the oldest stone in your entire royal assortment.
Her Majesty’s much-beloved pearl necklace and earrings had been a famend a part of her day-to-day look. Above: The Queen wears pearls as she attends the Christmas Day service on the Church of St Mary Magdalene at Sandringham in 2017
The crown additionally boasts the Stuart Sapphire and the Black Prince’s Ruby, together with pearls which are believed to have belonged to Queen Elizabeth I.
The Sovereign’s Orb and Sceptre may also be on the coffin. The diamond on the sceptre – the Cullinan 1 – was reduce from the most important tough diamond ever discovered. It was found in a mine in South Africa in 1905.
It weighed 3,106 carats (1.37pounds). 9 main stones had been constituted of it, and 96 smaller ones.
The Orb acts because the image of Godly energy throughout the monarchy.
The merchandise was made for Charles II’s coronation in 1661 and is a 30cm-wide hole gold sphere with a crucifix above it, adorned with 9 emeralds, 18 rubies, 9 sapphires, 365 diamonds, 375 pearls, one amethyst and one glass stone.
Worn and wielded by Her Majesty on dozens of events all through her reign, the Crown Jewels have a central place within the historical past of the English Royal Household. Above: The Imperial State Crown is seen in a latest BBC documentary
The Sovereign’s Sceptre with Cross is one among two which were used at coronations for the reason that restoration of the monarchy in 1661. Her Majesty wielded it at her personal Coronation in 1953. It boasts the world’s largest clear reduce white diamond, which weighs almost 4 ounces (106 carats)
Probably essentially the most controversial jewel within the assortment is the 108-carat Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is ready within the Crown of the Queen Mom. The gem, which got here into British arms in the course of the colonial period, is the topic of a historic possession dispute and has been claimed by at the least 4 nations, together with India
One other post-revolution addition to the Crown Jewels was the Sovereign’s Orb, which acts because the image of Godly energy throughout the monarchy
The cross remaining above the orb represents the dominion of Christ over the world with the monarch holding it as God’s consultant on Earth.
After the state funeral in Westminster Abbey, the Queen’s coffin shall be taken to St George’s Chapel at Windsor Citadel for a televised committal service.
Later within the night, there shall be a non-public interment service with senior members of the royal household.
The Queen’s last resting place would be the King George VI memorial chapel, an annex to the principle chapel – the place her mom and father had been buried, together with the ashes of her sister, Princess Margaret.
Her husband Prince Philip’s coffin will transfer from the Royal Vault to the memorial chapel to hitch the Queen’s.
Her Majesty’s private crown jewels! From her favorite pearls and £40,000 diamond brooch to sapphires from the President of Brazil for her coronation – and the three carat engagement ring from Philip she by no means eliminated
By Harriet Johnston for MailOnline
All through her life, the Queen amassed a jewelry assortment filled with household heirlooms, priceless treasures and items from world leaders.
The monarch was hardly ever seen with out diamonds, pearls or gems adorning her garments, with royal commentators generally suggesting she used the items to ship unstated indicators.
Explicit consideration was paid to her brooches: Her Majesty would usually select one with a connection to the individual, nation or organisation she was visiting.
The Queen was famend for generously loaning each elaborate and easy items to royal wives together with Meghan Markle, Sophie Wessex, Kate Middleton and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, through the years.
Now, upon her loss of life on the age of 96 after 70 years on the throne, FEMAIL appears to be like at Her Majesty’s jewelry assortment.
The Queen was hardly ever seen and not using a dazzling array of diamonds, pearls and gems adorning her shiny and vibrant garments (pictured, in 2022 on the Platinum Jubilee celebration sporting her favorite pearl necklace, earrings and one among her favorite brooches the Kensington Bow brooch)
Her Majesty was usually gifted her items for particular events and wore marriage ceremony items all through her life (left). She was famend for generously loaning items to different royals together with Kate Middleton (pictured proper, on the Jubilee sporting the Queen’s earrings)
The Queen’s superb assortment of jewels included glittering brooches, earrings and necklaces.
Some have been handed all the way down to Her Majesty by means of the royal household, whereas others had been gifted to the monarch to mark vital milestones, together with her marriage ceremony, coronation and jubilees.
Essentially the most spectacular jewels had been reserved for top profile events like state dinners.
In any other case the Queen most well-liked to maintain her jewelry low-key and was hardly ever seen with out three strings of pearls gifted to her by her grandfather.
The Queen was in a position to recall the that means and event behind every merchandise she had been gifted through the years, consultants have claimed. Pictured left, in 1983 on a banquet in India, and proper, in 2007 sporting a necklace gifted by President of Brazil for the Queen’s Coronation in 1953
The monarch, pictured right here on one among her last engagements in July 2022, at all times wore her engagement ring in an indication of her dedication to her husband Prince Philip
The Royal Assortment was held in belief by the Sovereign for her successors and the nation, and was not owned by The Queen as a non-public particular person.
Nevertheless she did have her personal smaller non-public assortment, which she has been recognized to mortgage to members of the royal household for formal events and state visits, at her personal discretion.
NECKLACES
Whereas we related the Queen along with her unbelievable Royal Assortment of priceless tiaras, intricate brooches and dazzling diamond earrings, she was, like many Englishwomen of a sure age, most comfy in her pearls.
Pearls had been the Queen’s first ‘severe’ piece of jewelry.
When her grandfather George V celebrated his Silver Jubilee in 1935, he gave each his granddaughters pearl necklaces.
Among the many assortment Elizabeth owns right now are two beautiful necklaces – the 18th-century Queen Anne pearl necklace and the 50-pearl Queen Caroline necklace, each given as a marriage current from her father.
Her favorite necklace for quiet days was her single-strand model, one of many first items she acquired, and really a lot within the English custom, matching the timeless magnificence of her treasured pearl and diamond studs.
In the meantime the royal additionally had an enormous vary of different opulent necklaces, together with the beautiful units gifted from her coronation in 1953.
One placing set shaped from uncommon aquamarine stones, was a present from the President of Brazil for the Queen’s Coronation in 1953.
The placing necklace was made by Mappin & Webb in Rio de Janiero, and the stones are set in diamond and platinum surrounds.
It got here with matching earrings – and in 1958 she was introduced with a big brooch and bracelet. The stones are completely matched – it took a 12 months to gather them from mines throughout Brazil.
The Queen’s a lot beloved glittering Festoon necklace, gifted to the royal by her father, is pictured throughout an outing to a live performance with President Ronald Reagan and First Girl Nancy in America in 1983
The nation continued to provide the Queen’s aquamarine assortment, together with offering stones for a tiara she had tailored in 1971.
She toned down the piece by changing the pendant with a smaller stone, and attaching the aquamarine to her tiara.
The royal additionally adored jewelry presents from members of the family, together with one glittering Festoon necklace given to Princess Elizabeth in 1950 by her father that remained her favourites all through her life.
It was constituted of 105 free diamonds that had been saved in reserve at Garrard, saved in pouches marked ‘C’ for Crown, in case a monarch wished to lengthen a necklace or enhance a tiara.
Queen Mary, the Queen’s grandmother, was mentioned to have made common use of the service.
The ensuing triple strand necklace has rows of graduated stones, suspended between two diamond triangles.
It was additionally the Queen’s most well-liked necklace for sporting and not using a tiara.
Among the many Queen’s newer items was a present from Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar, throughout a state go to to Britain in 1985.
A diamond ‘swag’ form, set in gold and designed round two central gems, it got here with an identical set of earrings — and had been one of many Queen’s favorite ruby items ever since.
Due to its wealthy, unique color, she most well-liked it for international engagements, equivalent to this state banquet in Turkey in 2008, however has additionally worn it twice to the state opening of Parliament.
The royal additionally lent her Nizam of Hyderabad necklace, initially created by Cartier in Thirties to members of the family.
One of many Queen’s newer acquisitions was the necklace and earring set from Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar, who gifted it to the royal throughout a state go to to Britain in 1985.
It was gifted to Majesty as a present when she married in November 1947 and consists of an extended chain of 38 diamonds (lowered from the unique 46) with a diamond-encrusted snap.
The centre of the necklace was pave-set with removable double-drop pendant 13 emerald-cut diamonds and a pear-shaped drop. The unique necklace consisted of eight double-drop and three triple-drop pendants.
Kate Middleton borrowed the diamond stunner to attend a black tie Portrait Gala in 2014 on the Nationwide Portrait Gallery in London.
It set off her midnight blue Jenny Packham night robe, which was plain to indicate off the great thing about her diamonds.
Left, The Queen sporting the Nizam of Hyderabad necklace – a part of the Royal Assortment – which was made by Cartier, the George IV State Diadem and the insignia of the Order of the Garter, circa 1953. Proper, the Duchess of Cambridge sporting the necklace in 2014
BROOCHES
Brooches, normally worn on the left shoulder, had been a favorite for the royal and the Queen was believed to have over 100 in her assortment.
A range that will go along with an outfit had been introduced to her – normally three at a time – by her senior dresser and confidante Angela Kelly on particular trays that when belonged to Queen Mary.
The royal had all kinds of various brooches which she usually wore along with her standard pearl earrings and necklace, together with a sprig of flowers brooch by the individuals and authorities of Australia throughout her Coronation tour of 1954.
She was additionally often seen within the Queen Mom’s Shell Brooch from the late Queen Mom’s jewelry assortment, a shell form consisting of stable rows of diamonds with a single pearl cradled on the base, and strings of diamonds suspended beneath.
One of many royal’s favourites was the Kensington Bow brooch, a marriage reward from the residents of Kensington to her grandmother in 1893, costing £450 (about £40,000 right now).
The brooch options two rows of diamonds set in silver and gold, tied in a ‘bow’ round a single massive diamond, and it was usually used to safe a sash or as a clasp for remembrance poppies.
Among the many brooches she favoured was the Cullinan V Brooch, which was an uncommon and distinctive coronary heart form.
The diamond, of 18.8 carats, was one among six numbered stones reduce from the Cullinan diamond, the largest on this planet, and given to Queen Mary, the Queen’s grandmother, by the individuals of South Africa in 1910.
Many have steered the Queen could have tried to ship messages along with her collection of brooches – some commentators identified the royal wore a brooch given to her by President Obama when she met President Trump on a go to in 2019.
When Prince Philip was in hospital in 2021, the Queen paid tribute to her late husband along with her brooches for public appearances.
The Queen had an enormous collection of brooches, with over 100 in her private assortment. One in all her favourites was the Cullinan V Brooch, given to Queen Mary, the Queen’s grandmother, by the individuals of South Africa in 1910 (pictured sporting it throughout a go to to Tuvalu in South Pacific)
One of many royal’s favourites was the Kensington Bow brooch, a marriage reward from the residents of Kensington to her grandmother in 1893, costing £450 (about £40,000 right now). (pictured in 2005 visiting Bristol college)
It was often steered the royal chosen her brooches so as to ship a sign about her beliefs (pictured left, with President Obama and Michelle Obama, sporting the pin they gave her in 2011, and proper, the pin)
The royal had all kinds of various brooches which she usually wore along with her standard pearl earrings and necklace (pictured left, The Queen was given this spray of flowers brooch by the individuals and authorities of Australia throughout her Coronation tour of 1954, the Queen was introduced with this brooch from the individuals and authorities of Australia. It depicts a sprig of flowers with mimosa leaves and tea tree blossoms in white and coloured diamonds. pictured proper, The Queen Mom’s Shell Brooch from the late Queen Mom’s jewelry assortment and takes the form of a shell fabricated from stable rows of diamonds with a single pearl cradled on the base and strings of diamonds suspended beneath.)
One other of the two,500 marriage ceremony presents given to the Queen on her marriage to Prince Philip, the Carrington Sapphire Feather brooch (proper) was a present from Carrington jewellers. A tremendous diamond feather with a sapphire centre, it’s at all times paired with blue or purple, as right here in 2019
The Queen was beneficiant along with her jewelry assortment, usually lending items to different senior royals. The New Zealand Fern brooch was introduced to the Queen in 1953 by the ladies of Auckland. She is seen sporting it in 2008 (left) and it was loaned to Kate for her 2014 tour of Australasia (proper)
The Queen saved Prince Philip near her coronary heart whereas he was in hospital in 2021 by donning important brooches for public engagements – in February, she selected to put on the identical six-petal diamond flower brooch she had worn when the couple introduced their engagement in 1947 (left and proper)
The Queen saved her husband near her coronary heart in 2021 whereas the Duke spent a number of weeks in hospital, donning the identical six-petal diamond flower brooch she wore when the couple introduced their engagement in 1947 for a digital engagement.
The monarch wore the glittering accent on a video name with well being leaders from Windsor Citadel wherein she made a historic intervention within the coronavirus vaccination drive, suggesting it’s egocentric to not have the jab.
And through his funeral on April 18, Her Majesty introduced out the diamond Richmond Brooch, a gift from the city of Richmond for her grandmother Queen Mary’s 1893 marriage ceremony to the longer term King George V which she inherited.
The Queen wore a brooch gifted to her by Prince Philip throughout a go to to the Royal Navy flagship HMS Queen Elizabeth
The gold Scarab brooch, with ruby and diamond gildings, was a 1966 reward from the Duke of Edinburgh (pictured the couple collectively in 1966, with the Queen sporting the brooch)
Weeks later, as she visited the Royal Navy flagship HMS Queen Elizabeth, the Queen wore a brooch gifted to her by Prince Philip.
Her Majesty, 95, paid tribute to her beloved husband of 73 years, who died on April 9 2021 aged 99, by sporting the piece, which she teamed with a brick-red military-style cashmere coat for her look at HM Naval Base, Portsmouth.
The gold Scarab brooch, with ruby and diamond gildings, was a 1966 reward from the Duke of Edinburgh.
EARRINGS
When the Queen turned 21, jewels flooded in, largely within the type of items from family members.
Amongst them was a pair of heavy diamond chandelier earrings that had been given to her mom Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mom as a marriage current.
Quickly, she had acquired many different pairs of earrings that might be worn solely with pierced ears, and so in 1951, simply earlier than her state go to to Canada, the 25-year-old Queen gave in to the inevitable and had her ears pierced.
A number of the royal’s favourite earrings remained her pearl items all through her life, with the Queen usually selecting a easy stud or pearl drop for her every day appearances.
Day-to-day Her Majesty usually wore the easy however stylish Queen Mary’s Button Earrings, which characteristic a pearl and a diamond (pictured right here visiting the Royal British Legion Industries Village, Aylesford in November 2019)
The Queen often wore pearl drop earrings, however usually selected the Girls of Devonshire earrings for formal day occasions (pictured waving to the crowds from the balcony of Buckingham Palace in the course of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2017)
Day-to-day, the Queen usually selected between two virtually similar pearl earrings.
The royal’s favorite earrings for informal put on had been the easy Queen Mary’s Button Earrings, which featured a single pearl with a small diamond on prime.
In the meantime she would put on the Girls of Devonshire earrings for extra formal day occasions, such because the Diamond Jubilee service or the Order of the Garter service, in addition to for night events.
Queen Mary gave the Devonshire Earrings to her granddaughter, Princess Elizabeth, as a marriage current in 1947.
The Queen is believed to have gifted Meghan Markle an analogous pair of earrings to her personal for his or her first joint engagement in June 2018
A gift to the Queen from the dominion of Bahrain to rejoice the Queen’s marriage ceremony to Prince Philip in 1947, the Bahrain pearl drop earrings had been hidden away from public view for a lot of a long time however have not too long ago been seen extra often.
The Queen selected to put on the items to the Remembrance Day service in 2015, with Kate Middleton sporting them the next 12 months to the identical occasion.
The Countess of Wessex has additionally sported the diamond-supported pearls. And Kate, who is thought to adore a pearl earring, additionally wore them whereas staying at Balmoral in the course of the summer time of 2018.
The Bahrain Pearl Drop earrings had been a gift to the Queen from the dominion of Bahrain to rejoice her marriage ceremony to Prince Philip in 1947
Kate wore the jewels as she joined Prince William and different senior royals on the Service of Thanksgiving at St Paul’s Cathedral to rejoice the Platinum Jubilee
Sophie, The Countess of Wessex, additionally wore the Bahrain pearl drop earrings in 2012 to attend a efficiency of the Massed Bands and Bugles of The Rifles on the Royal Albert Corridor
Kate has additionally donned one other set of the Queen’s diamond-and-pearl earrings, which the monarch herself final wore in 1977.
In 2016, the Duchess was noticed sporting them whereas on a visit to Canada, and later within the 12 months in Holland.
The Queen gifted Meghan Markle an analogous (however smaller) pair previous to the Duchess’ first royal joint engagement with out her husband.
The monarch continued to generously lend her earrings to her granddaughters-in-law in the course of the last years of her life.
On the Silver Jubilee in 1977, the Queen donned a pair of diamond-and-pearl earrings that she hasn’t worn since in public. Nevertheless, the monarch has gifted them to her grandaughter-in-law, with Kate noticed sporting them twice in 2016
New technology, similar jewels: The Duchess of Cambridge was noticed sporting the identical earrings in 2016 throughout a royal go to with Prince William to Canada, they appeared once more on a visit later that 12 months to the Netherlands
In 2021, the Duchess of Cambridge honoured the Queen on her birthday by borrowing her pearl earrings for a go to to an air cadet centre.
Kate borrowed the silver jubilee diamond and pearl earrings from the monarch who first wore them to rejoice her silver jubilee in 1977.
The go to, which happened on the Queen‘s ninety fifth birthday, was carried out in honour of the Duke of Edinburgh, who was Honorary Air Commodore-in-Chief of the squadron for 63 years earlier than Kate took over as Commandant-in-Chief in 2015.
But it surely was not simply pearl items that the royal favoured, with the royal often donning massive costume-style jewelry from her assortment of diamond items.
The Duchess of Cambridge honoured the Queen on her ninety fifth birthday by borrowing her pearl earrings for her go to to an air cadet centre
The origin of the beautiful massive teardrop-shaped diamond adornments is unknown they usually could even be a extra trendy addition to the Queen’s assortment.
The monarch was noticed sporting them on the State Opening of Parliament in 2012 earlier than they had been subsequent seen gracing Kate’s ears, most notably at a gala held at Kensington Palace in November 2017.
The royal would additionally often don items that had been a part of a set along with her elegant necklaces, such because the aquamarine set gifted to her by the President of Brazil for her coronation.
The origin of those teardrop-shaped earrings is unknown they usually could have first been seen in public as late as 2012, when the Queen wore them to the State Opening of Parliament. A special look: Kate has worn the drop diamond earrings on various events together with at a dinner whereas on a royal go to to Sweden and Norway
A better look: The Duchess of Cambridge at a 2017 Gala Dinner for The Anna Freud Nationwide Centre held at Kensington Palace in 2017
All that glitters! The Duchess of Cambridge borrowed the Queen’s emerald and diamond earrings and matching bracelet (each pictured) for the Caribbean tour in 2022 (left) Treasured: The Queen has worn the set on various events, together with at a reception for the Obamas in 2011 (proper). There’s additionally a necklace (seen right here) which Kate didn’t put on
When she was not sporting her trademark pearls, the Queen opted for pendants equivalent to these dazzling purple stones, a part of the Kent Amethyst set, which belonged to Queen Victoria’s mom.
The set additionally included three brooches, a necklace and hair combs, however the earrings — worn to a state banquet in Portugal in 1985 – are the one objects seen in public.
These ornate diamond frames, every containing an oval pearl drop, are the Duchess of Gloucester’s Pendants, first owned by Queen Mary’s nice aunt.
They handed to the Queen on her grandmother’s loss of life in 1953. She selected them for her marriage ceremony in 1947, on a go to to Mauritius in 1972 and wears them usually these days.
If she’s not sporting her trademark pearls, the Queen opts for pendants equivalent to these dazzling purple stones (left), a part of the Kent Amethyst set, which belonged to Queen Victoria’s mom. These ornate diamond frames (proper), every containing an oval pearl drop, are the Duchess of Gloucester’s Pendants, first owned by Queen Mary’s nice aunt
BRACELETS
The Queen primarily wore bracelets for formal events and occasions, equivalent to international excursions and the State Opening of parliament.
The royal had many diamond bracelets, and primarily select them for black tie occasions, often if she did not put on a tiara.
Her assortment included a set of two matching bracelets composed of chain hyperlinks between diamond plaques which got here from Queen Mary’s assortment.
The Queen often wore bracelets for black tie and formal occasions, donning two diamond items for the State Opening of Parliament in October 2019
Mary purchased them in 1932, after which had an identical one made three years later to carry a 9.75 carat diamond from the Premier Mines given to her throughout a go to to South Africa.
The bracelets had been made to hitch collectively to create a choker. They’re almost similar, one having a bigger plaque for the South African diamond.
One of many units the Queen most frequently wore was the sapphire set.
The royal usually wore the glittering items of jewelry to formal black tie occasions, donning the chain hyperlinks between diamond plaques from Queen Mary’s assortment over white gloves. The Queen additionally had a collection of pearl night watches for formal occasions (pictured left in Canada in 2002) She often wore bracelets as a part of a set of jewelry (pictured proper, leaving the Ritz after celebrating her Golden Jubilee in 2002 sporting emerald-cut sapphires and diamonds assortment, which included a necklace, earrings, a bracelet and a hoop).
It started with a mid-Nineteenth century set of necklace and earrings purchased by her father, King George VI, at Carrington & Co. and given to her as a marriage current in 1947.
The set incorporates a necklace of emerald-cut sapphires surrounded by diamonds and separated by particular person diamonds, plus a pair of earrings, every with a big sapphire in a diamond cluster.
As given to the Queen, the necklace had 18 sapphire clusters, which she had shortened in 1952.
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